The key ingredients are listed below:

L-Arginine Base
The direct substrate for endothelial nitric oxide production. L-arginine is an essential amino acid and the main precursor of nitric oxide released from vascular endothelium. In acute human studies, oral supplementation of L-arginine results in improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation — including in cerebral arteries that supply oxygen and glucose to memory and cognition centers. L-Arginine Base provides the most immediately bioavailable form for direct eNOS activation.

L-Arginine AKG 2:1 Extract (Alpha-Ketoglutarate)
The fastest-acting NO precursor in the formula. The 2:1 AKG salt is specifically formulated for enhanced bioavailability — allowing more active arginine to reach the bloodstream rapidly for immediate NO-mediated vasodilation in cerebral blood vessels. L-arginine plays a crucial role in the production of nitric oxide, producing NO and L-citrulline with favorable effects on endothelial function.

L-Citrulline HCl
The sustained NO precursor with superior bioavailability over standalone arginine. NO is a signaling molecule responsible for vasodilation, glucose uptake, mitochondrial respiration, calcium handling, and muscle contractility. L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine in the kidneys, sustaining plasma arginine levels and NO production for hours after supplementation — extending cerebrovascular support throughout the day.

L-Citrulline Malate
The dual-action brain energy and NO support ingredient. L-Citrulline Malate combines citrulline’s sustained NO-boosting properties with malic acid — a Krebs cycle intermediate that supports cellular ATP production directly. For brain health, this dual action is particularly meaningful: neurons are among the most energetically demanding cells in the body, and adequate ATP supply is fundamental to memory formation, information processing, and sustained concentration.

Beta-Alanine
The formula’s neuroprotective ingredient through carnosine elevation. Beyond its role in muscle endurance, Beta-Alanine raises carnosine — a dipeptide found in the brain where it functions as an endogenous antioxidant and anti-glycation agent. Research documents carnosine’s role in protecting neurons from reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products, both of which accumulate in aging brain tissue and are associated with cognitive deterioration.

Niacin (Vitamin B3)
The secondary vasodilation amplifier. Niacin as a B vitamin broadly supports neurological health through NAD+ synthesis — fundamental to mitochondrial energy production in neurons. Its prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatory action in peripheral and cerebral blood vessels provides a second, independent pathway for cerebrovascular support — complementing the NO-mediated vasodilation of the arginine/citrulline complex.

Calcium
The mineral vascular regulator. Calcium plays a critical role in smooth muscle physiology — regulating the balance between vascular contraction and relaxation. In cerebrovascular smooth muscle, calcium signaling determines how effectively vessels respond to nitric oxide. Adequate calcium co-factor support helps maintain the responsive, well-regulated cerebrovascular function that consistent brain blood flow requires.